Showing posts with label philosophy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label philosophy. Show all posts

Sunday, July 8, 2012

Embodied Visions: Evolution, Emotion, Culture, and Film Review

Embodied Visions: Evolution, Emotion, Culture, and Film
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"Embodied Visions" is on the ROROTOKO list of cutting-edge intellectual nonfiction. Professor Grodal's book interview ran here as cover feature on August 21, 2009.

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Embodied Visions presents a groundbreaking analysis of film through the lens of bioculturalism, revealing how human biology as well as human culture determine how films are made and experienced. Throughout his study, Torben Grodal uses the breakthroughs of modern brain science to explain central features of film aesthetics and to construct a general model of aesthetic experience-what he terms the PECMA flow model-that demonstrates the movement of information and emotions in the brain when viewing film. Examining a wide array of genres-animation, romance, pornography, fantasy, horror-from evolutionary and psychological perspectives, Grodal also reflects on social issues at the intersection of film theory and neuropsychology.These include moral problems in film viewing, how we experience realism and character identification, and the value of the subjective forms that cinema uniquely elaborates.

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Monday, June 25, 2012

The Practical Art of Suicide Assessment: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals and Substance Abuse Counselors Review

The Practical Art of Suicide Assessment: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals and Substance Abuse Counselors
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Shawn Shea's The Practical Art of Suicide Assessment: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals and Substance Abuse Counselors is one of the most valuable professional texts I have read in the past decade. The book combines scholarship, practical guidelines and a literary quality that renders it a truly exceptional book in the field. I found the case examples used to illustrate clinical problems invaluable; these vignettes bring the theoretical material "alive" in a way that encourages clinicians from various disciplines and theoretical orientations to meaningfully incorporate the concepts. Shea elucidates such critical issues as risk factors and risk predictors in such a way as to make constructs that are often reifed once again meaningful. As part of my professional responsibilities, I am responsible for training/teaching mental health emergency clinicians aspects of clinical interviewing and suicide assessment. I have incorporated many of the principles in this book into these trainings. The CASE approach to suicidal assessment is perhaps the best approach to this complex task that I have found. The discussion on "contracting for safety/no suicide contracts" is relevant, congruent with current ethical and legal principles, and reflects the difficult reality of working with suicidal patients. I regularly recommend both this book and Shea's book on psychiatric interviewing to participants in the workshops.
In summary, I highly recommend this text for clinicians from all disciplines and at all phases of professional development. It is a rich text, full of clinical wisdom and scholarship, that both the novice and the seasoned clinician will find themselves reaching for repeatedly. Perhaps the best assessment of the book is the fact that I've tried to keep it on my bookshelf, but it keeps getting borrowed by my colleagues. I've resolved the problem by keeping a separate copy at home. THAT constitutes a valuable book!

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Penned with a compelling elegance and charm, the "Practical Art of Suicide Assessment" is brimming with clinical wisdom, enlightening case illustrations and a vibrant sense of compassion. Viewed as one of the classics in the field of mental health, and acclaimed by both beginning students and experienced clinicians alike, it describes in a step-by-step fashion exactly how to make a sound suicide assessment. Dr. Shea explores the causes of suicidal ideation as well as the nuances of risk actors, protective factors, and the complexities of the clinical formulation of risk. He skillfully integrates all of this information for the reader by using real-life case examples and addressing daunting clinical challenges head-on such as assessing suicide risk with clients coping with borderline personality disorder or psychotic process.In addition Dr. Shea brings to life the highly acclaimed interview strategy for uncovering suicidal ideation, planning, behavior and intent the "Chronological Assessment of Suicide Events (CASE Approach)". Dr. Shea, the originator of the CASE Approach, shows exactly how to creatively and flexibly use its innovative interviewing techniques to match the unique needs of every client. The CASE Approach has been described by the noted suicidologist and past President of the American Association of Suicidology, David Jobes, Ph.D. as follows: "The CASE Approach moves the clinician almost imperceptibly into the secret internal workings of the mind and soul of the patient tormented by suicidal ideation. I believe that the CASE Approach is a remarkable conceptual and clinical contribution to the field of suicidology. It should be taught to any front-line clinician. It has the power to meaningfully save lives." Dr. Shea concludes the book with a no-nonsense approach to documenting a suicide risk assessment that can both help to save a client's life as well as keep the clinician out of court. Respected across the globe, the Practical Art of Suicide Assessment has been translated into languages as diverse as French and Japanese. Mental Health Presses is pleased to re-issue this classic in contemporary suicide prevention (originally published in 2002).

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Saturday, June 23, 2012

Biotechnology from A to Z Review

Biotechnology from A to Z
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Biotechnology from A to Z, 2nd edition, by W. Bains With the current explosion of interest in biotechnology and the application of the basic techniques of genetic engineering to medicine, agriculture, forensics, environment, it is becoming increasingly difficult for any one person to stay abreast of all the applications. A handbook such as Bains' is invaluable in cutting straight to the point and providing the appropriate jargon for the particular discipline. Scientists, science writers, environmental activists, everyone will find this book an invaluable reference source. My favorite few pages go from Affinity Tag, Ageing, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, AIDS, to Airlift fermentor. All the entries are explained in clear concise English, with the just the right amount of cross-entries. As is appropriate for a biotechnology book, there are frequent practical examples. There is a good index and a list of books for further reading. It's a shame OUP couldn't have kept the internet address stable. This book is a definite good buy.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Bilkent University, Bilkent 06533, Ankara, Turkey

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Biotechnology, one of the fastest growing and most exciting areas of science, is a complex combination of scientific disciplines beset by jargon and buzz words. Now fully updated to incorporate the most current terminology, this second edition of Biotechnology From A to Z offers an illuminating and practical introduction to the ideas of biotechnology. Starting from ADEPT (antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy) and finishing with zoonosis (infection by an organism that usually infects other species), and describing artificial tissues, extremophiles, nutraceuticals, prosthetics, and xenografts among many other topics along the way, this book provides a concise and readable overview of the field. Straightforward language and concrete examples are used to unravel the jargon for the non-specialist. This book is an essential, accessible guide to the science, the technology, and the real achievements of this fascinating and controversial industry.

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Thursday, June 7, 2012

A Short History of Medical Ethics Review

A Short History of Medical Ethics
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Although I have just read two chapters of this book, I found that it's a good book for Chinese bioethics teachers and students.

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Thursday, May 31, 2012

Mind, Meaning, and Mental Disorder: The Nature of Causal Explanation in Psychology and Psychiatry (International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry) Review

Mind, Meaning, and Mental Disorder: The Nature of Causal Explanation in Psychology and Psychiatry (International Perspectives in Philosophy and Psychiatry)
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This book represents a significant leap in our understanding of mental disorder. If we existed in a world where society was guided by the latest efforts of sharp thinkers (rather than cost/benefit analysis) then we should be seeing major changes in the existing insitutions that provide care for people with 'mental health problems'. The book begins with the following thesis: Intentional (meaningful) mental states are causal as they can be used in the explanation / prediction of action. They attend to this thesis in the first part of the book. These mental states are not reducible to physical states, rather they are 'encoded' in physical states in the brain, something akin to how information for producing a particular phenotype is encoded in the DNA molecule. Their account solves the following problem: Ever since Karl Jaspers set the limits of understanding, 'true madness' has been excluded from the domain of meaning and relegated to that of biological dysfunction. Thoughout this book Bolton and Hill show how in biology as well as in psychology there are many possiblities for disorder in the absence of any physical dysruption. Disorder can be envisaged as occuring from the intentional stance only if intentional mental states can be construed as having causal power. Their account drives meaning back into previously 'meaningless' phenomena.

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Philosophical ideas about the mind, brain, and behavior can seem theoretical and unimportant when placed alongside the urgent questions of mental distress and disorder. However, there is a need to give direction to attempts to answer these questions. On the one hand a substantial research effort in going into the investigation of brain processes and the development of drug treatments for psychiatric disorders, and on the other, a wide range of psychotherapies is becoming available to adults and children with mental health problems. These two strands reflect traditional distinctions between mind and body, and causal as opposed to meaningful explanations of behavior. In this book, which has been written for psychiatrists, psychologists, philosophers, and others in related fields, the authors propose a radical re-interpretation of these traditional distinctions. Throughout the discussions philosophical theories are brought to bear on the particular questions of the explanation of behaviors, the nature of mental causation, and eventually the origins of major disorders including depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorder.First published in 1996, this volume played an important role in bridging the gap between philosophy and psychiatry, and introducing those in psychiatry to philosophical ideas somewhat neglected in their field. Completely updated, the new edition of this acclaimed volume draws on the strengths of the first edition, and will be a central text in the burgeoning field of philosophy of psychiatry.

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Tuesday, May 22, 2012

Hildegard von Bingen's Physica: The Complete English Translation of Her Classic Work on Health and Healing Review

Hildegard von Bingen's Physica: The Complete English Translation of Her Classic Work on Health and Healing
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I have tried to use this book once or twice. One of the things that still make me giggle is using lion's ears to combat deafness. Then I remembered all these animal body-parts that are still being harvested for their medical qualities that are bringing the animals into extinction -- like is the case with the rhinoceros and the shark. So I stop giggling and stick to the plant sections.
The recipes that Hildegard uses are sometimes hard to do because I simply have no idea what some of the plants she uses are. She also uses wine a lot, which is new to me. I come from a tea tradition, so boiling things in wine is a true novelty. Maybe this is why I have not used it much since it can be very different from what I know. On the other hand, it has provided me wonderful new experiences in the herbal work! I have not used the mineral section yet, and only stuck to the plant section.
At the very least, it is a fascinating treatise on medieval medicine. I do recommend it!

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One of two major medical treatises by medieval healer Hildegard von Bingen, presented in its entirety for the first time in English during the 900th anniversary of her birth.
' A seminal text in the development of Western herbal medicine

' Presents nine categories of healing systems--Plants, Elements, Trees, Stones, Fish, Birds, Animals, Reptiles, and Metals--and elaborates on their medicinal use

' Closely related to Eastern medical approaches that are gaining respect today

Saint, mystic, healer, visionary, fighter, Hildegard von Bingen stands as one of the great figures in the history of women in me.

At a time when few women could write and most were denied a formal education, Hildegard von Bingen became a legendary healer, visionary, musician, artist, poet, and saint. Her works include twenty-seven symphonic compositions; Scivias, a compilation of her visions; and her two major medical works, Causae et Curae, a medical compendium, and Physica, published here in English in its entirety for the first time.

Physica has a strong affinity with the Eastern medical approaches gaining great respect today. The modern reader interested in natural healing will recognize the enormous truth in the theories of this 12th-century physician, which remind us that our cures for illness depend on our natural world and our place in it.


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Saturday, April 28, 2012

Invention of Hysteria: Charcot and the Photographic Iconography of the Salpêtrière Review

Invention of Hysteria: Charcot and the Photographic Iconography of the Salpêtrière
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This is a must-read and must-have. Beautifully designed and brilliantly written, covering cultural and psychological history and the significance of photography as a new medium and its impact on the emerging modern world. The invention of Hysteria is about new phenomenon being created as performance and recorded in images. An eye-opening book!

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In this classic of French cultural studies, Georges Didi-Huberman tracesthe intimate and reciprocal relationship between the disciplines of psychiatry andphotography in the late nineteenth century. Focusing on the immense photographicoutput of the Salpetriere hospital, the notorious Parisian asylum for insane andincurable women, Didi-Huberman shows the crucial role played by photography in theinvention of the category of hysteria. Under the direction of the medical teacherand clinician Jean-Martin Charcot, the inmates of Salpetriere identified ashysterics were methodically photographed, providing skeptical colleagues with visualproof of hysteria's specific form. These images, many of which appear in this book,provided the materials for the multivolume album Iconographie photographique de laSalpetriere.As Didi-Huberman shows, these photographs were far from simply objectivedocumentation. The subjects were required to portray their hysterical "type"--theyperformed their own hysteria. Bribed by the special status they enjoyed in thepurgatory of experimentation and threatened with transfer back to the inferno of theincurables, the women patiently posed for the photographs and submitted topresentations of hysterical attacks before the crowds that gathered for Charcot's"Tuesday Lectures."Charcot did not stop at voyeuristic observation. Throughtechniques such as hypnosis, electroshock therapy, and genital manipulation, heinstigated the hysterical symptoms in his patients, eventually giving rise to hatredand resistance on their part. Didi-Huberman follows this path from complicity toantipathy in one of Charcot's favorite "cases," that of Augustine, whose image cropsup again and again in the Iconographie. Augustine's virtuosic performance ofhysteria ultimately became one of self-sacrifice, seen in pictures of ecstasy,crucifixion, and silent cries.

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Thursday, March 29, 2012

A Brief Tour of Human Consciousness: From Impostor Poodles to Purple Numbers Review

A Brief Tour of Human Consciousness: From Impostor Poodles to Purple Numbers
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I attended the 2005 Skeptics Society conference on Brain, Mind, and Consciousness at Caltech, where Ramachandran had been scheduled to speak but was unable to do so because of a family emergency. Although I was not previously familiar with his work, the description led me to believe he was a speaker I would be interested in hearing, and this book, which I purchased at the conference, provides a strong case for that. I've long had an interest in philosophy of mind and cognitive science, and minored in cognitive science in my Ph.D. studies (never completed) at the University of Arizona. I've been out of academia for 11 years now, and apart from reading occasional works like Daniel Dennett's Consciousness Explained and Freedom Evolves, I've not been keeping close tabs on the field. The conference and this book were quite a pleasure--it is clear that there have been some significant developments over the last decade.
It is hard to believe that there are still people who think the brain is little more than a radio receiver, a set of mechanical controls for a disembodied spirit to manipulate the body. Ramachandran's book--like the case studies of Oliver Sacks and A.N. Luria--shows how wrongheaded that view is.
This is a thin (112 pages of text, 45 pages of notes), very accessible and entertaining book. If you enjoy the works of Sacks and Luria, you are likely to enjoy this as well. This is not a collection of case studies, though there are some descriptions of particular patients--it is written from a higher elevation, bringing together recent results, explaining unusual phenomena, and speculating about how those phenomena may tie in to a further understanding of the details of the brain's function.
The book came from Ramachandran's BBC Reith lectures, so it is for a popular audience, with the notes providing some more underlying detail. There are five chapters, each dealing with a single topic. The first chapter is about amputees who experience pain in their "phantom limbs" and how the parts of the brain which had been devoted to the now-absent limbs can become mapped to still-present parts of the body which are handled by physically proximate parts of the brain. For example, a patient whose left arm had been amputated could feel contact to the nonexistent fingers of his left hand from touches to parts of his face or upper arm. Ramachandran then uses this remapping phenomenon to speculate about the causes of Capgras' syndrome (where a patient believes people he knows have been replaced withimpostors), synesthesia, and pain asymbolia, where a patient responds to pain stimulus with laughter.
The second chapter is about vision, and specifically about the phenomena of blindsight (where a person has no experience of seeing, but at an unconscious level does see), hemisphere neglect, and mirror agnosia. In this chapter Ramachandran discusses "mirror neurons," neurons found in monkeys which activate when a monkey performs some task, but also when the monkey sees another monkey perform the same task.
The third chapter, "The Artful Brain," is the most speculative, and provides Ramachandran's suggested ten "universal laws of art," which he offers as features we find aesthetically pleasing in art, and discusses some reasons why those features might be pleasing to the brain.
The fourth chapter deals in more detail with synesthesia, the perception of stimuli with multiple senses, such as experiencing colors corresponding with sounds or numbers. He links this to cross-activation of sites in the brain (similar to his discussion in the first chapter), points out some similar phenomena that most people share (such as a tendency to associate certain kinds of abstract shapes with certain sounds or names), and speculates that such associations may have paved the way for the evolution of language from non-verbal communication.
The fifth and final chapter is titled "Neuroscience--The New Philosophy." Ramachandran discusses how some of the phenomena of neuroscience might bear on questions from philosophy of mind about qualia, free will, and self-awareness. The chapter doesn't get very deep into any of these philosophical issues, but it's clear that more has been learned in the last few decades of neuroscience than in the last few millenia of philosophy.
I highly recommend this book as an introduction to these topics.

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Sunday, February 26, 2012

The Inner History of Devices Review

The Inner History of Devices
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Book Review submitted by: Stephen J. Hage, SteveH9697@aol.com
This is a book that invites you to reexamine not only what you think of every day devices and things like cell phones, personal computers, computer games and implanted defibrillators; it asks you reexamine how you think about them and why.
The approach is interesting in that uses ethnography, memoir and clinical cases in the form of essays written by individuals who've interacted with and, in some cases treated people who established relationships with devices most of us would never consider and not be able to see, even if we were to interact with those described in the essays.
One I found particularly thought provoking is entitled: The Internal Cardiac Defibrillator
An internal cardiac defibrillator is a device implanted in your chest and connected by wires to your heart. It constantly monitors your heartbeat and if your heart goes into cardiac fibrillation, which is life threatening, the device shocks you, much the same as depicted in scenes on medical shows like ER. But, instead of a doctor or EMT placing paddles on your chest, yelling "Clear" and pushing the button to shock you it happens automatically, inside your chest. The ICD shocks you and, when it does, the experience is as painful and traumatic as when it's done with paddles.
It's impossible to understand what it means to have an ICD implanted in your chest without talking to people who do have one. Here's an example:
"I died and then..." "This is the peculiar grammar of stories told by people with ICDs. The internal firing of the ICD is painful and brings one back from death, a repeated boundary crossing that writes a new narrative of life and death."
On one level, having an ICD is comforting because it's there, just in case you need it to save your life. But, there's also a dark side.
"My independence was gone. And yet, they say that this thing gives you more independence. Because you can be assured that you won't go into cardiac arrest and die when you take a trip and all that. My thing is, we take a trip, and I'm wondering, okay, I wonder which one of these exits is a hospital. Or, you know, something like that."
Darker still is the story of Stan who is forty-two and received an ICD when he passed out while running.
When he thinks back to that event, he realizes if he had died it would have been an easy death. "Like blacking out on the road, dying like that would be nothing. There would no pain whatsoever..."
Now that particular option is gone. Should he go into cardiac arrest the ICD will shock him back to life. On one occasion he received multiple shocks while swimming. He felt a funny feeling in his chest that made him stop. "And all of a sudden, wham, I got shocked--damn, I gotta get out of the pool." He was shocked about three times.
After the incident Stan asked his doctor how many times the ICD would shock him before it "would stop trying."
About nine times his doctor told him.
That kind of information is comforting, troubling and frightening, all at the same time.
Examples of other things explored in this book are a prosthetic eye, computer games, a dialysis machine and video poker.
I found this book to be like a bag of potato chips. Once you've read one essay you'll find it difficult to stop until you've read all of them.


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Tuesday, December 20, 2011

Black Sun Review

Black Sun
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In much the same way that Philippe Aries took the subject of childhood and illuminated it for all time in "Centuries of Childhood," fellow French writer (although Bulgarian-born) and Lacanian psychoanalyst Julia Kristeva examines depression and melancholia. She comes at it from various angles and filters: fine arts, literature, history, philosophy, religion, and of course psychology. She posits psychoanalysis as a (really THE) 'counterdepressant' -- convincingly. This is great highbrow stuff: chapters with titles like"Beauty, the Depressive's Other Realm," and "Life and Death of Speech." Death, suicide, the inevitable gloom resulting from loss of maternal, later erotic, love; all are insightfully discussed -- even rather tenderly. If you're depressed BLACK SUN won't make you more so -- and if you're feeling okay to begin with, it's a terrific scholarly study.

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InBlack Sun, Julia Kristeva addresses the subject of melancholia, examining this phenomenon in the context of art, literature, philosophy, the history of religion and culture, as well as psychoanalysis. She describes the depressive as one who perceives the sense of self as a crucial pursuit and a nearly unattainable goal and explains how the love of a lost identity of attachment lies at the very core of depression's dark heart.In her discussion she analyzes Holbein's controversial 1522 painting "The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb," and has revealing comments on the works of Marguerite Duras, Dostoyevsky and Nerval.Black Sun takes the view that depression is a discourse with a language to be learned, rather than strictly a pathology to be treated.

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Tuesday, December 13, 2011

Biomedical Ethics (Fundamentals of Philosophy Series) Review

Biomedical Ethics (Fundamentals of Philosophy Series)
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I had my own rather nasty tangle with the margins of biomedical ethics last year. As a result, a lot of my online reading has been spent diving deeper in some of the ethical issues around medical research, pregnancy, premature babies, and intervention guidelines. I decided to pick this book up to try to give myself some background to the debate, so that I feel like I can be a more educated participant. That makes me a rather odd reader of this book, I suspect. It seems obvious that it was intended as a classroom text-- probably a class in Ethics 101 or something similar. I am unable to evaluate this as an ethics textbook.
The book is divided into a series of sections, each with its own focus on a particular ethical issue. I got most of the things that I needed out of the first chapter-- a short introduction to the histories and theories of biomedical ethics. Glannon does a concise and clear job of explaining the relevant frameworks and terminology. The book was worth the money to me for that alone.
The other chapters go on to place ethical issues into the framework that Glannon develops. Subjects include: patient-doctor relationships, human medical research, reproductive rights, genetics, end of life decisions, and medical rationing. I found the treatment of these subjects largely superficial, and were primarily useful to me as they contained pointers to further reading in the area.
I found the text as well written as this kind of thing can get without actually having any real flair behind it. As I said before, Glannon is clear and concise in the way he approaches the subjects. At times I had the feeling that he was presenting his opinion as established ethical principles, but am not really knowledgeable enough in the area to be sure that this is true.
I got out of it what I had hoped that I would get.

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Today, advances in medicine and biotechnology occur at a rapid pace and have a profound impact on our lives. Mechanical devices can sustain an injured person's life indefinitely. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the body and brain can reveal disorders before symptoms appear. Genetic testing of embryos can predict whether people will have diseases earlier or later in life. It may even become possible to clone human beings. These and other developments raise difficult ethical questions. Biomedical Ethics is an engaging philosophical introduction to the most important ethical positions and arguments in six areas of biomedicine: the patient-doctor relationship, medical research on humans, reproductive rights and technologies, genetics, medical decisions at the end of life, and the allocation of scarce medical resources. Concisely capturing the historical, contemporary, and future-oriented aspects of the field, author Walter Glannon discusses both perennial issues in medicine, such as doctors' duties to patients, and recent and emerging issues in scientific innovation, including gene therapy and cloning. Ideal for undergraduate courses in contemporary moral problems, introduction to ethics, and introduction to bioethics, Biomedical Ethics is accessible to students who have little or no background in ethical theory, medicine, or biotechnology.

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Monday, September 5, 2011

Structuralism and Since: From Lévi-Strauss to Derrida (Opus Books) Review

Structuralism and Since: From Lévi-Strauss to Derrida (Opus Books)
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Structuralism was a popular means of studying literature in the early and mid twentieth century, eclipsed larged by deconstruction. As a method, however, structuralism seems far more serious and articulate than its successor.
This is the best overview of structuralism ever. I initially found it in the library, and after reading it thoroughly, determined it was a book necessary for my own library. I found it compelling on a number of fronts, from figurative fiction to solipsistic fiction, and on most other fronts as well.
Sadly, most English departments have "moved on" to deconstruction, having abandoned structuralism to the dust heap of analysis. All the work of de Saussure, Barthes, and others have simply been deposed. Still, there's more merit in this one book than all the books written on deconstruction.
The reader is asked to examine texts in a peculiar way that serves both atemporality as well as temporality. The reader is shown ways to "structuralize" texts so that they may reveal yet further meaning. It's a valuable lesson, the life of which has sadly been dethroned of late.

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Provides an overview of the theories of Claude Levi-Strauss, Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan, and Jacques Derrida.

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Friday, August 5, 2011

The Essential Child: Origins of Essentialism in Everyday Thought (Oxford Series in Cognitive Development) Review

The Essential Child: Origins of Essentialism in Everyday Thought (Oxford Series in Cognitive Development)
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The book was new & in perfect condition. I would definetly purchase from this seller again!

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Essentialism is the idea that certain categories, such as "dog," "man," or "intelligence," have an underlying reality or true nature that gives objects their identity. Where does this idea come from? In this book, Susan Gelman argues that essentialism is an early cognitive bias. Young children's concepts reflect a deep commitment to essentialism, and this commitment leads children to look beyond the obvious in many converging ways: when learning words, generalizing knowledge to new category members, reasoning about the insides of things, contemplating the role of nature versus nurture, and constructing causal explanations.Gelman argues against the standard view of children as concrete or focused on the obvious, instead claiming that children have an early, powerful tendency to search for hidden, non-obvious features of things. She also attacks claims that children build up their knowledge of the world based on simple, associative learning strategies, arguing that children's concepts are embedded in rich folk theories. Parents don't explicitly teach children to essentialize; instead, during the preschool years, children spontaneously construct concepts and beliefs that reflect an essentialist bias. Essentialist accounts have been offered, in one form or another, for thousands of years, extending back at least to Aristotle and Plato. Yet this book is the first to address the issues surrounding essentialism from a psychological perspective. Gelman synthesizes over 15 years of empirical research on essentialism into a unified framework and explores the broader lessons that the research imparts concerning, among other things, human concepts, children's thinking, and the ways in which language influences thought. This volume will appeal to developmental, cognitive, and social psychologists, as well as to scholars in cognitive science and philosophy.

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Wednesday, August 3, 2011

Holistic Midwifery: A Comprehensive Textbook for Midwives in Homebirth Practice, Vol. 1: Care During Pregnancy Review

Holistic Midwifery: A Comprehensive Textbook for Midwives in Homebirth Practice, Vol. 1: Care During Pregnancy
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This is a wonderful text. Unfortunately it is in a soft cover, unlike vol. 2 which is hard cover, but that aside, it is wonderful.
I am a first-time mom who is planning an unattended home birth. Because of various problems I've also ended up without prenatal care so this volume has proven invaluable to me!! It is clear and exhaustive. This volume has a lot of information directed exclusively for midwives (philosophy of midwivery, how to set up a practice, how to work with different kinds of women, initiating contact and establishing care, etc.), but there is plenty of information useful to "do-it-yourself" prenatal care. It covers what to do during a prenatal exam during each trimester, special circumstances, problems that can occur during pregnancy and information on conditions that might preexist pregnancy.
There is a good section that explains anatomy and physiology that you need to know and I found it easy for me, as a non-medical/non-scientific person, to understand. The index is very thorough.
If you are buying the second volume and aren't sure you should get this one I would recommend that you do get this one because the second volume says that you should review the anatomy and physiology covered in the first volume since it doesn't repeat it and the foundation is essential to understanding the information in the second volume. (If you have medical/midwivery training it may not be so necessary, but then you might appreciate the text for other reasons).
Overall I'd say that if you plan an unattended birth and want to be as informed and safe as possible it is very worthwhile to purchase this volume as well as the second volume and invaluable if you are doing your own prenatal care. If nothing else it can give guidance on when you need to seek a healthcare professional. If you have an attendant then it may only be useful to you if you like to know everything and are willing to pay this much. Otherwise I wouldn't recommend it to the non-midwife.
Oh, don't let the term "Holistic" throw you. It gives in-depth medical information as well as giving some alternative medicine information. My husband is a bio-chemist researcher and has worked as a nurse; he is very pleased with the scientific information in this volume and the next.

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This text is the first of three volumes (two of which have been published) covering all aspects of midwifery care during pregnancy and childbirth and of the mother and baby after birth.This volume discusses care from conception until the onset of labor. Topics include basic female anatomy and physiology, midwifery practice issues, cultural considerations, hands-on skills, care through each trimester, problems that may occur in any trimester, and preexisting medical conditions.

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