Saturday, July 30, 2011

Mechanisms of Cortical Development Review

Mechanisms of Cortical Development
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The Mechanisms of Cortical Development describes current thinking about both the general principles and the specific stages of corticogenesis in an order that parallels their occurrence in development. The book begins by describing how cortical precursor cells in the ventricular zone know when to divide and when to migrate; where to migrate and where to stop; and what cell-type and which cortical layer to differentiate into. The book then discusses how the complex network of efferent and afferent connections between cortical and subcortical structures is formed, and the mechanisms that regulate naturally occurring cell death, which is an integral part of this process. The book finishes by considering the genesis of sensory `maps' and the receptive field properties of the sensory neurones therein. The text is clear and well written. The figures presented in each section are simple but informative. The general terms and principles used in the text are explicitly defined, and tables are provided that describe the many factors (e.g., trophic, extracellular matrix, and gene transcription factors) that have been implicated in cortical development - information that in of itself makes this book significant among neuroscience texts.
While it is clear from reading The Mechanisms of Cortical Development that much progress over the last few decades has been made towards understanding how the cortex forms, including the cellular, chemical and molecular processes involved, we may never completely understand how these different processes come together to create the complexity of the cortex. Where there is still little understanding, Price and Willshaw also consider the questions researchers in the field are currently studying, the hypotheses that have been proposed as answers to them, and an analyses of the techniques that are being used to test these hypotheses.
In short, this book should prove eminently useful to both specialists and students of neuroscience alike, especially given its unique perspective, which, reflecting the expertise of the authors, includes both biology and biological modeling. Instead of making the text too diverse, rather this dual perspective facilitates a more thorough consideration of the complex processes by which the cortex forms.
(From the British Neuroscience Association Newsletter)

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This is the first book that attempts to bring together what is known about the fundamental mechanisms that underlie the development of the cortex in mammals.Ranging from the emergence of the forebrain from the neural plate to the functioning adult form, the authors draw on evidence from several species to provide a detailed description of processes at each stage.Where appropriate, evidence is extrapolated from non-mammalian species to generate hypotheses about mammalian development.In contrast to other texts of developmental biology, Mechanisms of Cortical Development integrates information on regulatory processes at the levels of molecules, cells and networks. The authors draw together an extensive literature on cellular development and structural morphology, biochemical and genetic events and hypotheses that have been subject to mathematical modelling. Important methodologies, such as transgenics and formal modelling, are explained for the non-specialist.Major future challenges are clearly identified. This is a unique contribution to the literature, combining the fundamentals of experimental developmental neurobiology with accessible neural modelling.It will be essential reading for neuroscientists in general as well as those with a particular interest in development.

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